An integrated contact cooling system is a fundamental requirement in Electro-Optical Synergy (ELOS) equipment, serving as both a safety shield and an active component of the energy delivery mechanism. It functions by pre-cooling the skin to protect the epidermis from thermal damage while simultaneously altering the skin's electrical properties to guide therapeutic energy deeper into the tissue.
Core Takeaway In ELOS technology, cooling is not merely for patient comfort; it is a functional requirement for targeting. By cooling the surface, the system increases epidermal impedance (resistance), which forces the therapeutic current to bypass the surface and flow toward the warmer, lower-impedance deep dermis.
The Mechanics of Energy Guidance
Manipulating Tissue Impedance
The primary technical reason for integrated cooling in ELOS is the manipulation of electrical impedance.
When the skin surface is pre-cooled, its electrical resistance increases significantly. Because electrical current naturally follows the path of least resistance, this high surface impedance acts as a barrier.
Forcing Energy Deep Into the Dermis
This barrier effect is intentional and critical for efficacy.
By blocking current flow at the surface, the cooling system effectively forces the RF (Radio Frequency) energy to travel deeper into the lower-impedance deep dermis. This ensures the energy targets the intended structures below the skin rather than dissipating on the surface.
Protecting the Epidermis
Preventing Thermal Damage
High-performance lasers, particularly those targeting melanin (like Alexandrite 755nm), generate significant heat that can injure the skin surface.
The cooling system lowers the epidermal temperature immediately before and after the energy pulse. This prevents heat accumulation, drastically reducing the risk of redness, blistering, or hyperpigmentation.
Enabling Higher Energy Densities
Safety mechanisms directly influence clinical efficacy.
Because the surface is actively protected from thermal injury, operators can safely utilize higher energy densities. This allows for more aggressive treatment of deep targets without compromising the integrity of the outer skin layer.
Operational Trade-offs and Risks
The Necessity of Continuous Contact
The efficacy of this system relies entirely on perfect physical contact.
If the cooling tip loses contact with the skin even momentarily, the surface impedance drops, and the skin loses its thermal protection. This can lead to immediate surface burns or "arcing" of the electrical current.
Risk of Over-Cooling
While heat is the primary danger, excessive cold presents its own risks.
Improper calibration or prolonged application of the cooling element on a single spot can lead to cryo-injury (frostbite) or hypopigmentation. The system must balance suppressing heat without freezing the epidermis.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
When evaluating ELOS equipment or planning treatment protocols, consider how the cooling system aligns with your clinical objectives:
- If your primary focus is treatment depth: Look for systems with aggressive pre-cooling to maximize surface impedance, forcing energy into the deep dermis for tissue tightening or deep follicle targeting.
- If your primary focus is safety on darker skin types: Prioritize systems that offer continuous cooling before, during, and after the pulse to neutralize melanin absorption and prevent hyperpigmentation.
Ultimately, the cooling system in ELOS is not an accessory, but a critical "lens" that focuses energy where it is needed most.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Role in ELOS Technology | Benefit to Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Impedance Control | Increases surface resistance through cooling | Forces RF energy deeper into the target dermis |
| Epidermal Shielding | Lowers skin surface temperature | Prevents burns, blistering, and hyperpigmentation |
| Energy Optimization | Stabilizes the treatment area | Allows for higher energy densities and better results |
| Thermal Management | Absorbs excess heat during pulses | Enhances patient comfort and reduces downtime |
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References
- F. Cherif, I. Zarâa. Electro-optical synergy (ELOS) technology for combined acne scars treatment – A case report. DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.09.002
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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