The physical mechanism of the 1565 nm non-ablative fractional laser centers on the principle of fractional photothermolysis. Unlike lasers that rely solely on surface light absorption, this system generates precise Microscopic Thermal Zones (MTZs) deep within the tissue while preserving the integrity of the outer skin layer. This controlled thermal action triggers a cascade of biological responses that revitalize hair follicles.
Core Takeaway The 1565 nm laser works by creating columns of controlled thermal injury (MTZs) that trick the scalp into a wound-healing mode without damaging the surface. This process forces tissue regeneration, increases blood flow, and releases growth factors to wake up dormant hair follicles.
The Principle of Fractional Photothermolysis
The defining characteristic of this laser system is its ability to heat specific columns of tissue while leaving the surrounding areas untouched.
Creating Microscopic Thermal Zones (MTZs)
The laser beam is fractionated into many tiny micro-beams. These beams penetrate the scalp to create MTZs—columns of thermal injury with controlled depth, width, and density.
Preserving Epidermal Integrity
Because the laser is non-ablative, it does not vaporize or remove the outer layer of skin (the epidermis). The stratum corneum remains intact, which acts as a natural biological dressing during the healing process.
Leveraging Healthy Tissue
The spaces between the MTZs consist of healthy, uninjured tissue. This surrounding tissue acts as a reservoir for viable cells, allowing for rapid repair of the thermal columns and minimizing downtime.
The Biological Regeneration Response
The physical creation of MTZs is simply the catalyst; the actual hair growth is driven by the body's physiological reaction to this "controlled damage."
Triggering the Healing Cascade
The body perceives the thermal injury in the MTZs as a wound. This immediately initiates a wound-healing response, prioritizing the regeneration of the affected tissue.
Increasing Local Blood Flow
One of the immediate effects of this stimulation is the enhancement of microcirculation. Increased blood flow brings essential oxygen and nutrients to the hair follicles, which are often compromised in Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA).
Releasing Growth Factors
The repair process induces the expression of cytokines and growth factors. These biochemical signals are critical for regulating cell growth and tissue repair.
Stimulating Stem Cells
The thermal stimulation directly affects the dermal papilla cells and stem cells located in the hair follicle bulge. Activating these cells promotes the transition of hair follicles from the resting phase into the active growth phase.
Understanding the Distinction from LLLT
It is critical to distinguish the 1565 nm mechanism from common Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), as they operate on fundamentally different principles.
Thermal vs. Non-Thermal Action
Standard LLLT (typically 650–900 nm) utilizes photobiomodulation, a non-thermal process where light energy stimulates cellular metabolism directly. In contrast, the 1565 nm system relies on fractional photothermolysis, which is a thermal (heat-based) process.
Structural vs. Metabolic
LLLT focuses on increasing energy production (ATP) within cells to prolong hair growth. The 1565 nm laser focuses on structural remodeling and regeneration by physically stimulating the tissue repair pathways.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
Understanding the mechanism helps in setting expectations for treatment outcomes and protocols.
- If your primary focus is deep tissue regeneration: The 1565 nm system is designed to physically stimulate the scalp's healing mechanisms through controlled thermal columns, making it a robust option for waking dormant follicles.
- If your primary focus is non-invasive metabolic support: You are likely looking for LLLT (cold laser), which provides energy to cells without thermal injury, acting as a supportive therapy rather than a regenerative one.
The 1565 nm laser effectively turns the scalp's natural healing response into a hair growth engine.
Summary Table:
| Feature | 1565 nm Fractional Laser Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Core Principle | Fractional Photothermolysis |
| Physical Action | Creates Microscopic Thermal Zones (MTZs) |
| Skin Impact | Non-ablative; leaves epidermis intact |
| Biological Response | Triggers wound healing & growth factor release |
| Follicle Effect | Activates dermal papilla & stem cells |
| Blood Flow | Significant increase in scalp microcirculation |
| Target Phase | Transitions follicles from resting to active growth |
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References
- Huanhuan Qu, Lin Gao. Investigator‐blinded, controlled, and randomized comparative study on 1565 nm non‐ablative fractional laser versus 5% minoxidil for treatment of androgenetic alopecia. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16173
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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