The long-pulse Alexandrite laser is a premier choice for hair removal, distinguished by its specific 755 nm wavelength generated by a solid-state crystal. This technology offers a potent combination of speed and precision, delivering persistent hair reduction rates of 70% to 85% by targeting melanin with exceptional efficiency.
The Alexandrite laser succeeds by striking a precise balance: its wavelength is short enough to be aggressively absorbed by hair melanin, yet long enough to penetrate deeper than older Ruby lasers, ensuring the follicle root is destroyed without overheating the skin surface.
The Science of the 755 nm Wavelength
The core advantage of this laser lies in the specific properties of the light emitted by the Alexandrite crystal.
Optimized Melanin Absorption
The 755 nm wavelength is highly efficient at targeting melanin. This high absorption rate allows the laser to effectively heat and destroy the hair shaft and follicle, making it one of the most widely used systems for hair reduction.
Superior Penetration Depth
Compared to the older Ruby laser (694 nm), the Alexandrite laser offers deeper photon penetration. While it maintains strong melanin absorption, the slightly longer wavelength allows the energy to bypass the upper layers of the epidermis more effectively to reach the deep-seated follicle root.
Enhanced Safety Profile
Because the 755 nm wavelength has a slightly lower relative absorption rate by epidermal melanin compared to 694 nm systems, it reduces heat accumulation in the skin. This lowers the rate of adverse reactions while maintaining high efficacy for hair removal.
Efficiency and Operational Speed
Beyond the physics of the light itself, the operational mechanics of Alexandrite systems offer distinct workflow advantages.
High-Frequency Pulses
Alexandrite equipment is capable of delivering high-frequency pulses. This allows practitioners to cover larger treatment areas more rapidly, resulting in faster overall treatment speeds compared to many competitors.
Effective Across Skin Types
When integrated with robust cooling systems, this laser is effective for a broad range of patients. It is considered a standard for Fitzpatrick skin types I through IV, and with proper cooling, can successfully treat skin type V.
Understanding the Trade-offs
To make an informed decision, you must recognize the limitations inherent in this technology.
The Melanin "Double-Edged Sword"
The same high melanin absorption that makes this laser effective constitutes a risk for darker skin tones. While safer than Ruby lasers, the Alexandrite laser still poses a risk of epidermal damage if the skin is too dark, as the laser may target the skin's pigment rather than the hair.
The Critical Role of Cooling
Success with the Alexandrite laser is dependent on effective cooling systems. Without dynamic cooling to protect the epidermis, the aggressive heating capabilities of the 755 nm wavelength would make treating skin types IV and V significantly riskier.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
The long-pulse Alexandrite laser is a powerful tool, but its utility depends on your specific clinical focus.
- If your primary focus is Maximum Clearance on Light to Medium Skin: The 755 nm wavelength offers an ideal balance of penetration and absorption for skin types I-IV, achieving up to 85% reduction.
- If your primary focus is Treatment Speed: The system's ability to utilize high-frequency pulses makes it superior for treating large surface areas (like backs or legs) quickly.
- If your primary focus is Safety on Darker Skin (Type V): You must ensure the specific device is integrated with a high-performance cooling system to mitigate the risk of epidermal heat accumulation.
The Alexandrite laser remains a dominant technology because it effectively bridges the gap between aggressive melanin targeting and safe, deep follicular penetration.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Advantage | Clinical Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Wavelength (755nm) | High Melanin Absorption | Superior clearance of fine and light-colored hair |
| Penetration Depth | Optimized Follicle Reach | Destroys deep-seated roots without surface damage |
| Pulse Frequency | High-Speed Delivery | Faster treatment times for large areas (legs/back) |
| Compatibility | Fitzpatrick I-IV (V with cooling) | Versatile solution for the majority of clinic patients |
| Efficacy | 70% - 85% Hair Reduction | Long-lasting results and high patient satisfaction |
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References
- T. Michaud, B Tack. Épilation par laser ou par lampe polychromatique pulsée. DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(09)72542-6
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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