External air cooling systems operate by delivering a continuous stream of low-temperature air directly to the treatment area through a tube attached to the laser handpiece. This non-contact method is designed to immediately dissipate the instantaneous heat generated by scanning laser pulses. By allowing operators to adjust airflow levels, the system effectively manages skin temperature to prevent thermal damage and reduce patient discomfort.
Effective laser treatment requires balancing high-energy delivery with skin protection; external air cooling acts as the critical thermal buffer. By dissipating heat the moment it is generated, this system prevents thermal accumulation that could lead to epidermal burns.
The Mechanics of Non-Contact Cooling
Delivering the Cold Stream
In traditional scanning Alexandrite laser setups, cooling is achieved without direct contact with the skin.
A dedicated tube connected to the laser handpiece directs a continuous flow of low-temperature air onto the target area.
Dissipating Instantaneous Heat
Scanning laser pulses generate significant heat the moment they impact the skin.
The stream of cold air acts immediately to dissipate this "instantaneous heat," neutralizing the thermal spike before it can cause damage.
Managing Safety and Comfort
Reducing Pain Perception
High-energy density pulses are necessary for effective treatment but are often associated with sharp burning sensations.
The cooling system mitigates this pain, acting as an analgesic by chilling the skin during the pulse delivery.
Preventing Epidermal Burns
The primary risk in laser treatments is thermal accumulation, where heat builds up in the skin faster than it can dissipate.
By providing a constant cooling source, the system prevents this accumulation, significantly lowering the risk of burns to the epidermis.
Operational Considerations and Adjustments
The Necessity of Airflow Regulation
Cooling is not a "set and forget" variable; it must be calibrated to the treatment.
The system allows for adjustable airflow levels, enabling the operator to match the cooling intensity to the laser's energy density.
Balancing Efficacy and Sensation
If the airflow is too low during high-energy pulses, the patient may experience unmitigated burning sensations.
Correctly adjusting the airflow is essential to maintaining the delicate balance between effective heat dissipation and patient tolerance.
Optimizing Treatment Outcomes
To ensure the safety and efficacy of Alexandrite laser procedures, the cooling system must be utilized strategically.
- If your primary focus is minimizing patient discomfort: Increase the airflow levels to counteract the burning sensation associated with high-energy density pulses.
- If your primary focus is preventing tissue damage: Maintain a continuous, regulated stream of air to ensure instantaneous heat dissipation and prevent thermal accumulation.
External air cooling transforms high-energy laser application into a viable, safer procedure by actively managing the thermal baseline of the skin.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Mechanism | Clinical Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Cooling Method | Non-contact continuous cold air stream | Minimizes risk of cross-contamination |
| Heat Dissipation | Neutralizes instantaneous thermal spikes | Prevents epidermal burns and tissue damage |
| Pain Management | Acting as a localized analgesic buffer | Enhances patient tolerance for high-energy pulses |
| Adjustability | Variable airflow levels | Customizes cooling intensity to laser energy density |
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References
- Uwe Paasch, Hartmut W. Paasch. Novel 755-nm diode laser vs. conventional 755-nm scanned alexandrite laser: Side-by-side comparison pilot study for thorax and axillary hair removal. DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2015.1007062
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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