Long-pulse Ruby Laser systems enhance safety primarily by extending the energy delivery time and integrating advanced skin protection. Unlike earlier short-pulse models that delivered energy in rapid, intense bursts, modern systems utilize pulse widths of 100 milliseconds or more. When paired with high-performance skin cooling devices, this configuration significantly reduces the risk of burning the skin's surface (epidermis).
By combining extended pulse durations with active cooling, these systems overcome the thermal limitations of older technology. This allows the 694nm wavelength to be used effectively while minimizing epidermal damage, making it safer for patients with slightly darker skin tones.
The Evolution of Ruby Laser Safety
The Challenge with Short-Pulse Legacy Systems
Earlier generations of Ruby Laser systems relied on short pulse durations.
Because the energy was delivered so quickly, the heat did not have time to dissipate from the target area.
This rapid accumulation of heat frequently led to epidermal thermal damage, creating a high risk of surface burns and pigmentation issues for the patient.
The Advantage of Extended Pulse Widths
Modern systems have addressed this by lengthening the pulse width to 100 milliseconds or more.
This extension alters how energy is delivered to the tissue.
By spreading the energy delivery over a longer period, the system allows for a more controlled thermal impact, reducing the "shock" to the surrounding skin tissue while still affecting the target.
The Role of Integrated Cooling
The extension of the pulse width is supported by the integration of high-performance skin cooling devices.
This hardware component is critical for protecting the epidermis.
While the laser energy penetrates the skin, the cooling device keeps the surface layer at a safe temperature, neutralizing the heat generated by the 694nm wavelength before it can cause surface damage.
Understanding the Trade-offs
The Wavelength Limitation
While long-pulse systems are safer than their predecessors, the fundamental physics of the 694nm wavelength remains unchanged.
This wavelength is highly absorbed by melanin (pigment).
Consequently, even with improved cooling and longer pulses, there is an inherent limit to how dark of a skin tone can be safely treated.
Defining "Slightly Darker"
The primary reference notes that safety is improved for "slightly darker skin tones."
This is a specific distinction; it does not imply the system is universally safe for all skin types.
Practitioners must recognize that while the safety margin has expanded, the Ruby Laser is still generally less suitable for very dark skin compared to other laser wavelengths (such as Nd:YAG).
Making the Right Choice for Your Practice
To determine if a long-pulse Ruby Laser system aligns with your clinical needs, consider the following patient profiles:
- If your primary focus is maximizing safety on light skin: The integration of cooling and long pulses provides a superior safety profile compared to legacy short-pulse devices, reducing the risk of accidental surface burns.
- If you intend to treat patients with slightly darker skin tones: The combination of a 100ms pulse width and active cooling is a mandatory requirement to mitigate the epidermal damage that would occur with older systems.
Modern hardware improvements have successfully transformed the Ruby Laser from a high-risk tool into a safer, more versatile option for specific dermatological applications.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Short-Pulse Legacy Systems | Modern Long-Pulse Systems |
|---|---|---|
| Pulse Duration | Rapid, intense bursts | 100 milliseconds or more |
| Energy Delivery | High "shock" to tissue | Controlled thermal impact |
| Skin Protection | Minimal or none | Integrated high-performance cooling |
| Epidermal Risk | High risk of burns/pigmentation | Significantly reduced surface damage |
| Skin Suitability | Primarily light skin only | Safe for light and slightly darker tones |
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References
- Mark M. Hamilton, Paul J. Carniol. Laser Hair Removal Update. DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17975
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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