To ensure effective analgesia during Pneumatic Skin Flattening (PSF), the vacuum pump must provide instantaneous high negative pressure that exceeds 400 mbar. Specifically, the system is required to drop the pressure to 600 mbar within 0.2 seconds of the handpiece contacting the skin. This rapid depressurization is essential to activate deep pressure receptors and establish a stable physical sensation before the laser is triggered.
The efficacy of pain shielding relies on a specific "pressure-over-time" ratio; the vacuum must achieve 600 mbar in under 0.2 seconds to mechanically block pain signals before the thermal pulse occurs.
The Mechanism of Action
Activation Thresholds
To successfully induce analgesia, the vacuum pressure must go beyond superficial suction. The system requires a negative pressure level exceeding 400 mbar to be effective. This intensity is necessary to mechanically stimulate pressure receptors located deep within the skin structure.
The Necessity of Speed
The timing of the pressure application is just as critical as the force itself. An efficient vacuum system must drop the pressure to 600 mbar within 0.2 seconds upon skin contact. This rapid response ensures the "pain gate" is closed almost instantly.
Synchronization and Timing
Pre-Trigger Stabilization
The vacuum system must be synchronized to establish pressure before the energy device fires. By reaching the 600 mbar target in that 0.2-second window, the system creates a stable pressure sensation. This pre-emptive signal ensures the brain processes the pressure rather than the subsequent pain of the treatment.
Pain Signal Inhibition
This process relies on the physiological principle known as Gate Control Theory. By overloading the mechanoreceptors with high-pressure signals, the system inhibits the transmission of pain signals to the brain.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Rise Time Latency
If the vacuum pump cannot meet the 0.2-second rise time, the analgesic effect will fail. A slow buildup of suction allows the patient to feel the laser pulse before the pressure sensation takes over, rendering the pain shielding useless.
Pressure Stability
Fluctuations below the 400 mbar threshold during treatment can cause the "gate" to reopen. The pump must be robust enough to maintain consistent negative pressure despite the movement of the handpiece or slight changes in skin seal.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
When evaluating vacuum systems for Pneumatic Skin Flattening, prioritize the pump's acceleration curve over its maximum static pressure.
- If your primary focus is Patient Comfort: Ensure the pump specifications explicitly guarantee a pressure drop to 600 mbar in under 0.2 seconds to maximize the pain-blocking effect.
- If your primary focus is System Reliability: Verify the pump can sustain negative pressure above 400 mbar continuously without fluctuation during repetitive pulsing.
True analgesic efficiency is achieved only when high pressure is delivered with instantaneous speed.
Summary Table:
| Specification | Minimum Requirement | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Pressure Threshold | > 400 mbar | Activates deep mechanoreceptors for analgesia |
| Rapid Response Time | 600 mbar within 0.2s | Closes the 'pain gate' before laser pulse firing |
| Rise Time Latency | < 0.2 seconds | Prevents pain signal transmission to the brain |
| Pressure Stability | Continuous > 400 mbar | Maintains consistent pain inhibition during pulses |
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References
- Eric F. Bernstein. Pneumatic skin flattening reduces pain during laser hair reduction. DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20616
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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