Analyzing the absorption peaks of water and hemoglobin is fundamental to determining biological impact. These two components act as the primary gatekeepers for near-infrared (NIR) radiation in the skin. Because NIR resonates with their specific molecular structures, analyzing their absorption peaks reveals exactly how much energy is captured within subcutaneous tissues versus how much penetrates to deeper organs.
Water and hemoglobin function as critical "endogenous sunscreens," blocking over 90% of NIR radiation. Analyzing their absorption peaks allows researchers to quantify this protective mechanism, explaining why radiant energy is absorbed in subcutaneous layers rather than reaching the body's core.
The Mechanism of Absorption
Resonating with Molecular Structures
To understand damage, you must first understand the interaction at a molecular level. NIR radiation does not pass through tissue passively; it actively resonates with specific chemical bonds.
Specifically, the radiation targets the hydrogen bonds abundant in fluid environments and the alpha-helix structures found in complex proteins.
Identifying Primary Absorbers
Because the skin is composed largely of liquid biological components, water and hemoglobin become the dominant targets for this radiation.
Water is targeted due to its hydrogen bond density, while hemoglobin is targeted due to its protein structure. Consequently, they become the primary NIR absorbers within the skin.
The Protective Function of Subcutaneous Tissue
Blocking Radiant Energy
Measurements indicate that these biological components are highly effective energy barriers.
Due to their specific absorption peaks, water and hemoglobin effectively block over 90 percent of incoming near-infrared radiation.
Preventing Deep Core Penetration
This high absorption rate serves a critical physiological function. By capturing the energy within the subcutaneous layers, these components prevent the radiation from penetrating deep into the body’s core organs.
This establishes the role of liquid biological components as "endogenous sunscreens," shielding vital internal systems from radiant energy exposure.
Understanding the Trade-offs
The Cost of Protection
While blocking radiation protects internal organs, it creates a trade-off for the skin itself. The energy absorbed by water and hemoglobin is not destroyed; it is deposited directly into the subcutaneous tissue.
Localized Tissue Stress
Therefore, the "protection" of the core comes at the expense of the surface layers. Analyzing absorption peaks is necessary to quantify the thermal and structural stress placed on the skin, as these tissues bear the full burden of the absorbed energy.
Applying Absorption Data to Research
To accurately assess NIR interaction with biological tissue, consider how these absorption peaks align with your specific research goals:
- If your primary focus is biological shielding: Use absorption data to calculate the efficiency of water and hemoglobin in acting as an "endogenous sunscreen" for deep organs.
- If your primary focus is tissue damage: Focus on the absorption peaks to identify exactly how much energy is being deposited into the subcutaneous layers, as this localized absorption is the driver of surface-level damage.
By isolating the absorption characteristics of these two components, you move from guessing about penetration depth to measuring the precise distribution of radiant energy.
Summary Table:
| Component | Primary Target Structure | Role in NIR Interaction | Impact on Subcutaneous Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Hydrogen Bonds | Dominant absorber in fluid environments | Causes localized thermal deposition |
| Hemoglobin | Alpha-helix Protein Structures | Primary energy barrier in the dermis | Drives localized structural stress |
| Subcutaneous Layers | N/A | Acts as an 'Endogenous Sunscreen' | Absorbs >90% of NIR radiation |
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References
- Yohei Tanaka, Masafumi Jinno. Biological Defenses against Ultra-Violet, Visible Light, and Near-Infrared Exposure. DOI: 10.4236/opj.2016.61002
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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