A professional-grade 755 nm Alexandrite laser facilitates permanent hair reduction by leveraging the principle of selective photothermolysis to target melanin within the hair follicle. The system emits high-energy light pulses that are absorbed by the hair shaft, converting to thermal energy that systematically destroys the hair papilla or stem cells responsible for regrowth.
The core mechanism relies on precise thermal destruction: the 755 nm wavelength targets melanin to destroy the follicle while simultaneously modifying the axillary microenvironment, potentially influencing local microbiota and sweat gland function.
The Mechanism: Selective Photothermolysis
Targeting the Chromophore
The effectiveness of the 755 nm wavelength relies on its high absorption rate by melanin.
Melanin acts as the specific target (chromophore) within the hair follicle. Because the 755 nm wavelength is highly absorbed by pigment, it bypasses surrounding tissues to focus energy directly on the hair shaft.
Thermal Conversion and Destruction
Once absorbed, the light energy is instantly converted into thermal energy (heat).
This rapid rise in temperature damages the structural integrity of the follicle. Specifically, it targets the hair papilla and the stem cells located in the bulge area. Destruction of these components is essential for preventing future hair regeneration.
Optimizing Technical Parameters
Pulse Duration and Energy Density
Professional systems do not rely on wavelength alone; they utilize specific pulse durations and energy densities to ensure efficacy.
For example, a long-pulse setting (such as 20 ms) combined with energy densities between 16 and 34 J/cm² allows the heat to linger long enough to damage the follicle without causing excessive trauma to the epidermis.
The Role of Spot Size
The use of a large spot size, such as 12.5 mm, is critical for uniform energy distribution.
A larger spot size allows for deeper penetration and faster coverage of the axillary area. This ensures that the energy is delivered consistently across the uneven contours of the underarm.
Impact on the Axillary Microenvironment
Heat Diffusion and Sweat Glands
In axillary treatments, the thermal energy does not remain strictly confined to the hair follicle.
Heat diffuses into the deep dermis, potentially affecting the sweat glands. This collateral thermal effect can alter post-operative perspiration functions, often leading to a reduction in local sweating.
Modifying the Microbiota
The high-energy output modifies the local biological environment of the underarm.
By altering the temperature and physical structure of the follicles and sweat glands, the laser influences the normal microbiota of the axillary region. This change in the bacterial landscape can contribute to a reduction in odor, a common secondary benefit of axillary laser treatment.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Melanin Sensitivity Risks
The 755 nm Alexandrite laser's high affinity for melanin is its greatest strength and its primary limitation.
Because it targets pigment so aggressively, it poses a risk of thermal damage to the surrounding skin in patients with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick types IV-VI). The laser may struggle to distinguish between the melanin in the hair and the melanin in the epidermis.
Depth vs. Precision
While the large spot size improves uniformity, it increases the volume of tissue exposed to heat.
This increased heat diffusion ensures the destruction of deep follicles but requires precise cooling and energy control to prevent unintended damage to the dermis or excessive alteration of sweat gland function if that is not a desired outcome.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
When evaluating the utility of a 755 nm Alexandrite system for axillary treatments, consider your specific clinical objectives:
- If your primary focus is maximum hair clearance on light skin: Rely on the 755 nm wavelength for its superior melanin absorption, which destroys the follicle stem cells more efficiently than longer wavelengths.
- If your primary focus is secondary functional benefits: Utilize the heat diffusion properties of the system to potentially reduce axillary sweating and odor by altering the local microenvironment.
- If your primary focus is safety on darker skin tones: Acknowledge the limitations of the 755 nm system and consider minimizing fluence or switching to a longer wavelength (like 1064 nm) to avoid epidermal injury.
The 755 nm Alexandrite laser is a precision tool that reduces hair by thermally modifying the entire physiological landscape of the axilla.
Summary Table:
| Feature | 755 nm Alexandrite Laser Mechanism | Clinical Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Target | Melanin (Chromophore) | Efficient follicle destruction |
| Wavelength | 755 nm | High absorption for light skin/dark hair |
| Thermal Effect | Selective Photothermolysis | Prevents regrowth by damaging stem cells |
| Axillary Impact | Heat Diffusion | Potential reduction in sweat and odor |
| Ideal Patient | Fitzpatrick Types I-III | Maximum clearance with high precision |
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References
- Zeynab Fazel, Mohammad Reza Ghassemi. Using the Hair Removal Laser in the Axillary Region and its Effect on Normal Microbial Flora. DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.43
This article is also based on technical information from Belislaser Knowledge Base .
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